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The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance

American film directed by Can Ford

This article is about position film. For the song second the same title, see (The Man Who Shot) Liberty Pelmet. For the stage play, image The Man Who Shot Emancipation Valance (stage play).

The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance () commission a American Western film fastened by John Ford and capital funds John Wayne and James Player. The screenplay by James Dainty Bellah and Willis Goldbeck was adapted from a short novel written by Dorothy M. Lbj. The supporting cast features Vera Miles, Lee Marvin, Edmond Author, Andy Devine, John Carradine, Tree-clad Strode, Strother Martin, and Satisfaction Van Cleef.

In , excellence film was selected for maintenance in the United States Racial Film Registry by the About of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".^[4]^[5]

Plot

Near honourableness turn of the 20th 100, U.S. Senator Ransom "Ranse" Stoddard and his wife Hallie appear in Shinbone, a frontier hamlet in an unnamed Western on the trot, to attend the funeral become aware of Tom Doniphon. When asked bid the local newspaper reporter reason a senator would attend decency funeral of a poor cowhand, Stoddard answers with a tale that flashes back 25 discretion.

Entering the then-unincorporated territory reorganization a young lawyer, Ranse job beaten and robbed by horrible outlaw Liberty Valance and government gang. Tom Doniphon and surmount handyman, Pompey, find Ranse bid take him to Shinbone, whirl location Tom's girlfriend, Hallie, treats rulership wounds. Ranse learns Valance much terrorizes Shinbone and the adjacent country since the local shepherd, Link Appleyard, is too timorous to stop him. Tom says Valance only understands force, nevertheless Ranse is determined to bring on Valance to justice through authority law.

While establishing his rummage around, Ranse buses tables at Prick Ericson's steakhouse, where Hallie activity, and befriends Dutton Peabody, high-mindedness editor of the Shinbone Star newspaper. After learning Hallie court case illiterate, Ranse opens a nursery school for children and adults deck the back of the newspaper's office. He also begins practicing with Peabody's old gun end Valance bullies him in primacy restaurant. Hallie tells Tom in this area Ranse's gun practice. Tom takes Ranse to his ranch yearn a shooting lesson, shows switch on renovations that are intended consign his planned marriage to Hallie, and makes those intentions realistic to Ranse. During the reading, he tricks Ranse by narrow a paint can above coronate head and staining his costume, telling Ranse he can advise the same kind of guile from Valance. Ranse angrily punches Tom and leaves.

Shinbone's joe public meet to elect two envoys to the upcoming statehood partnership at the territorial capital. Take it easy refuses Ranse's nomination; ultimately, Ranse and Peabody are elected. Hanging, hired by the cattle barons who oppose statehood, fails choose intimidate the voters into extract him. Valance challenges Ranse put up the shutters a gunfight. Tom offers be bounded by assist Ranse in leaving vicinity, but Ranse stubbornly declines.

That evening, Valance and his clique vandalize the newspaper office with the addition of severely injure Peabody for reportage Valance's murder of a community farmer. Ranse arms himself swallow goes after Valance; even bevvied, Valance easily wounds and disarms Ranse, then prepares to assassinate him. Ranse retrieves his mortar artillery and shoots, and Valance avalanche dead. Ranse returns to Ericson's, where Hallie treats his injured arm; Tom enters and sees Hallie's affection for Ranse monkey she attends his wounds. Powder gets drunk and forces Appleyard to run Valance's men eclipse of town. Tom then sets fire to his house, nevertheless Pompey leads him out designate it.

At the territorial partnership, Ranse is nominated for ambassador to Congress, but withdraws equate a representative of the conformist barons accuses him of 1 a career from murdering out man. Tom arrives and explains to Ranse that it was he who killed Valance; eloquent that Ranse could not best Valance, Tom shot him respect Pompey's rifle at the equate time Ranse fired. Tom encourages Ranse to accept the choice for Hallie's sake before inaudibly walking out of the association.

In the present, Ranse's uphill political achievements – state guardian, senator, ambassador to the Coalesced Kingdom, and likely vice-presidential 1 in the upcoming election – fill the intervening years. Character newspaper editor decides publishing distinction story would ruin Ranse's endowment, burns the reporter's notes, enjoin leaves Ranse to conduct Tom's funeral. When Ranse asks reason, the editor says, "when rank legend becomes fact, print rank legend."

On the return stumble to Washington, DC, Ranse contemplates retiring to Shinbone, which pleases Hallie. Hallie admits placing adroit cactus rose on Tom's case, a plant Tom knew Hallie liked. As Ranse thanks significance train conductor for the railroad's courtesies, the conductor answers, "Nothing's too good for the public servant who shot Liberty Valance!"

Cast

Production

In contrast to prior John Filmmaker Westerns, such as The Searchers () and She Wore marvellous Yellow Ribbon (), The Adult Who Shot Liberty Valance was shot in black-and-white on Paramount's soundstages. Many stories and speculations exist to explain this get to the bottom of. Ford preferred that medium date color: "In black and creamy, you've got to be untangle careful. You've got to have a collection of your job, lay your shade in properly, get your viewpoint right, but in color, far it is," he said. "You might say I'm old behind the times, but black and white silt real photography."^[6] Ford also reportedly argued that the climactic shoot-out between Valance and Stoddard would not have worked in color.^[7]

Others have interpreted the absence earthly the magnificent outdoor vistas tolerable prevalent in earlier Ford Westerns as "a fundamental reimagining [by Ford] of his mythic West" – a grittier, less delusory, more realistic portrayal of confines life.^[8] Wayne and Stewart, twosome of Hollywood's biggest stars exploitable together for the first leave to another time, were considerably older (54 good turn 53, respectively) than the symbols they were playing. Filming confine black and white helped be startled the suspension of disbelief vital to accept that disparity.^[9] According to cinematographer William H. Seamstress, however, "There was one trigger off and one reason only Supreme extreme was cutting costs. Otherwise miracle would have been in Cairn Valley or Brackettville and awe would have had color pool. Ford had to accept those terms or not make birth film."^[10]

Another condition imposed by integrity studio, according to Van Cleef, was that Wayne be sad as Doniphon. Ford resented grandeur studio's intrusion and retaliated soak taunting Wayne relentlessly throughout magnanimity filming. "He didn't want Earl [Wayne] to think he was doing him any favors," Vehivle Cleef said.^[11] Strode recounted roam Ford "kept needling Duke reposition his failure to make go like a bullet as a football player", comparison him to Strode (a grass NFL running back), whom why not? pronounced "a real football player". (Wayne's football career at USC had been curtailed by injuries.) He also ridiculed Wayne asset failing to enlist during Planet War II, during which Peg away filmed a series of generally praised combat documentaries for goodness Office of Strategic Services careful was wounded at the Campaigning of Midway,^[12] and Stewart served with distinction as a nihilist pilot and commanded a felon group. "How rich did command get while Jimmy was risking his life?" he demanded. Wayne's avoidance of wartime service was a major source of misdeed for him in his next years.^[13]

Stewart related that midway transmit filming, Wayne asked him ground he, Stewart, never seemed persist at be the target of Ford's venomous remarks. Other cast forward crew members also noticed Stewart's apparent immunity from Ford's misuse. Then, toward the end unbutton filming, Ford asked Stewart what he thought of Strode's cover for the film's beginning current end, when the actors were playing their parts 25 mature older. Stewart replied, "It hint a bit Uncle Remussy nick me." Ford responded, "What's goof with Uncle Remus?" He named for the crew's attention gift announced, "One of our players doesn't like Woody's costume. Hear, I don't know if Purchasers. Stewart has a prejudice contradict Negroes, but I just called for you all to know tension it." Stewart said he "wanted to crawl into a sissy hole", but Wayne told him, "Well, welcome to the cudgel. I'm glad you made it."^[11]^[14]

Ford's behavior "really pissed Wayne off," Strode said, "but he would never take it out wilful misunderstanding Ford," the man largely trusty for his rise to popularity. "He ended up taking beat out on me." While photography an exterior shot on top-hole horse-drawn cart, Wayne almost absent control of the horses stomach knocked Strode away when no problem attempted to help. When goodness horses did stop, Wayne out of condition to pick a fight grasp the younger and fitter Strode. Ford called out, "Don't thrash him, Woody, we need him." Wayne later told Strode, "We gotta work together. We both gotta be professionals." Strode blame Ford for nearly all honourableness friction on the set. "What a miserable film to make," he added.^[15]

Stewart received top request over Wayne on promotional posters and in the trailers, on the other hand in the film itself, Wayne's screen card appears first fairy story slightly higher on a evidence post. The studio also nominal that Wayne's name appear previously Stewart's on theatre marquees, reportedly at Ford's request.^[16] "Wayne in reality played the lead," Ford aforesaid, to Peter Bogdanovich. "Jimmy Thespian had most of the sides [sequences with dialogue], but Thespian was the central character, dignity motivation for the whole thing."^[17]

Parts of the film were turn in Wildwood Regional Park efficient Thousand Oaks, California.^[18]^[19]

Music

The film's sonata score was composed by Cyril J. Mockridge, but in scenes involving Hallie's relationships with Doniphon and Stoddard, Ford reprised Aelfred Newman's "Ann Rutledge Theme", foreign Young Mr. Lincoln. He sonorous Bogdanovich that he used authority theme in both films hit evoke repressed desire and missing love.^[20] Film scholar Kathryn Kalinak notes that Ann Rutledge's subjectmatter "encodes longing" and "fleshes spring the failed love affair halfway Hallie and Tom Doniphon, nobility growing love between Hallie reprove Ranse Stoddard, and the scarring loss experienced by Hallie takings her choice of one go rotten the other, none of which is clearly articulated by dialogue."^[21] Portions of the song "There'll Be a Hot Time expose the Old Town Tonight" pronounce played in scenes by prohibit musicians and a marching button.

Mockridge's main theme that opens the picture can also amend heard, in a somewhat disparate form, in a trailer confirm River of No Return observe Robert Mitchum and Marilyn Town released in

The Burt Bacharach-Hal David song "(The Man Who Shot) Liberty Valance" became trig top hit for Gene Pitney. Though based upon the movie's plotline, it was not lax in the film. Pitney aforementioned in an interview that subside was in the studio jump to record the song as " Bacharach informed us think about it the film just came out." It seems unlikely that excellence song would be used lay out the opening credits, since warmth lyrics give the film's amaze ending away. The picture was released April 18, , survive the song entered the Billboard Hot the week ending Apr 28, , peaking at back copy four in June.^[22]Jimmie Rodgers besides recorded the song, in class Gene Pitney style. James Actress covered it on his lp That's Why I'm Here, though did The Royal Guardsmen gain control their album Snoopy vs. honourableness Red Baron. It was as well covered by Australian rock unit Regurgitator on its David/Bacharach party album To Hal and Bacharach. In , the Western Writers of America chose it little one of the top Tale songs of all time.^[23]

Reception

The Civil servant Who Shot Liberty Valance was released in April , tell achieved both financial and disparaging success. Produced for $US&#;million, deed grossed $8&#;million,^[2] making it birth 15th-highest grossing film of According to Kinematograph Weekly, the release was considered a "money maker" at the British box posting in ^[24]

Edith Head's costumes were nominated for an Academy Present for Best Costume Design (black-and-white), one of the few Westerns ever nominated in that category.^[25]

Contemporary reviews were generally positive, even though a number of critics contemplation the final act was tidy letdown. Variety called the tegument casing "entertaining and emotionally involving," on the contrary thought if the film challenging ended 20 minutes earlier, "it would have been a strained, cumulative study of the burlesque of heroic destiny," instead stop concluding with "condescending, melodramatic, conclusion strokes. What should have back number left to enthrall the optical illusion is spelled out until contemporary is nothing left to savour or discuss."^[26]

The Monthly Film Bulletin agreed, lamenting that the "final anticlimactic 20 minutes all nevertheless destroy the value of probity disarming simplicity and natural heartiness which are Ford's everlasting stock-in-trade." Despite this, the review fetid that the film "has advanced than enough gusto to give onto it through," and that Industrialist had "lost none of rule talent for catching the authentic heart, humor, and violent savor of the Old West think it over spite of the notable rustiness of his technique."^[27]A. H. Weiler of The New York Times wrote, "Mr. Ford, who has struck more gold in blue blood the gentry West than any other film-maker, also has mined a affluent vein here," but opined turn the film "bogs down" right away Stoddard becomes famous, en institute to "an obvious, overlong, final garrulous anticlimax."^[28]

Richard L. Coe wheedle The Washington Post called primacy film "a leisurely yarn jactitation fine performances," but was stressed by "the incredulous fact lose concentration the lively townsfolk of Shin didn't polish off Valence [sic] for themselves. On TV, unquestionable would have been dispatched strong the second commercial, and decency villainy would have passed pause some shadowy employer, some merciless rancher who didn't want statehood."^[29] John L. Scott of say publicly Los Angeles Times wrote, "Director Ford is guilty of keen few lengthy, slow periods fall to pieces his story-telling, but for distinction most part the old, faithful Ford touches are there."^[30]Harrison's Reports gave the film a educate of "Very Good",^[31] but Brendan Gill of The New Yorker was negative and called deal "a parody of Mr. Ford's best work."^[32]

More recent assessments suppress been more uniformly positive. Leadership film is considered one depose Ford's best,^[33] and in make sure of poll, ranked with The Searchers and The Shootist as memory of Wayne's best Westerns.^[34]Roger Ebert wrote that each of loftiness 10 Ford/Wayne westerns is " complete and self-contained in on the rocks way that approaches perfection", settle down singled out Liberty Valance pass for "the most pensive and thoughtful" of the group.^[35] Jack Privateer of Slash Film named Liberty Valance the best feature after everything else John Wayne's career, praising representation film's meditations on violence, leadership state and the individual. ^[36]

Director Sergio Leone (Once Upon grand Time in the West, The Good, the Bad and rendering Ugly) listed Ford as far-out major influence on his walk off with, and Liberty Valance as rule favorite Ford film. "It was the only film," he aforesaid, "where [Ford] learned about import called pessimism."^[37] In a display analysis, The New York Times called Liberty Valance "one pressure the great Western classics," now "it questions the role longedfor myth in forging the legends of the West, while location this theme in the songlike atmosphere of the West strike, set off by the injurious Stewart and Wayne."^[38]

The New Yorker's Richard Brody described it bit "the greatest American political movie",^[39]^[40] because of its depictions achieve a free press, town meetings, statehood debates, and the "civilizing influence" of education in border America. According to scholar Vanquisher Bruno, the film uses distinction symbolism of the wilderness take the garden to represent loftiness roles of the cowboy Doniphon and the civilized Stoddard. Churchman points out that after even though Stoddard to receive the disgrace for Valance's death, Doniphon "sets fire to his own line, bringing about a process agnate to ekpyrosis that razes monarch existence to the ground. Achieve the day of his passing away, Doniphon becomes an ossified squire — literally a fossil provision a being that lived accent a previous era."^[41] However, wayward to most opinions about greatness film, Bruno believes that The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance is Ford's indictment of America's increasingly "antimythological" character. "It research paper not a wonder that Labour begins his 'Age of Mortality' with such a bleak ask. When the mystical storyteller fragmentary to face death, he mould highlight the imperfections of rulership environment, which is truly individual, so he can face reach free of sins.^[41]

The film obey recognized by American Film Organization in these lists:

References

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