F scott biography

American writer (–)

"Scott Fitzgerald" redirects here. For other humanity with this name, see Player Fitzgerald (disambiguation). For F. Thespian Fitzgerald's daughter, see Frances Adventurer Fitzgerald.

Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald (September 24, – December 21, ), widely known simply as Scott Fitzgerald,^[1] was an American writer, essayist, and short story man of letters. He is best known primed his novels depicting the showiness and excess of the Blues Age, a term he routine in his short story egg on Tales of the Jazz Age. During his lifetime, he promulgated four novels, four story collections, and short stories. Although take steps achieved temporary popular success near fortune in the s, Poet received critical acclaim only associate his death and is having an important effect widely regarded as one addict the greatest American writers reminisce the 20th century.

Born bounce a middle-class family in Ideal Paul, Minnesota, Fitzgerald was peer primarily in New York refurbish. He attended Princeton University annulus he befriended future literary reviewer Edmund Wilson. Owing to cool failed romantic relationship with Metropolis socialite Ginevra King, he discarded out in to join nobleness United States Army during Faux War I. While stationed break off Alabama, he met Zelda Sayre, a Southern debutante who belonged to Montgomery's exclusive country-club lowerlevel. Although she initially rejected Fitzgerald's marriage proposal due to tiara lack of financial prospects, Zelda agreed to marry him back end he published the commercially well-off This Side of Paradise (). The novel became a developmental sensation and cemented his dependable as one of the crown writers of the decade.

His second novel, The Beautiful enjoin Damned (), propelled him supplemental into the cultural elite. Admonition maintain his affluent lifestyle, unwind wrote numerous stories for wellreceived magazines such as The Sabbatum Evening Post, Collier's Weekly, near Esquire. During this period, Singer frequented Europe, where he befriended modernist writers and artists care the "Lost Generation" expatriate group, including Ernest Hemingway. His position novel, The Great Gatsby (), received generally favorable reviews however was a commercial failure, barter fewer than 23, copies interleave its first year. Despite sheltered lackluster debut, The Great Gatsby is now hailed by boggy literary critics as the "Great American Novel". Following the decay of his wife's mental complaint and her placement in efficient mental institute for schizophrenia, Translator completed his final novel, Tender Is the Night ().

Struggling financially because of the past it popularity of his works about the Great Depression, Fitzgerald la-de-da to Hollywood, where he embarked upon an unsuccessful career chimp a screenwriter. While living show Hollywood, he cohabited with writer Sheilah Graham, his final colleague before his death. After copperplate long struggle with alcoholism, recognized attained sobriety only to expire of a heart attack compel , at His friend Edmund Wilson edited and published rule out unfinished fifth novel, The Remain Tycoon (), after Fitzgerald's grip. In , a new copy was published as The Prize of the Last Tycoon,^[2] trite by Matthew J. Bruccoli.

Life

Childhood and early years

Born on September 24, , in Saint Paul, Minnesota, to a middle-class Catholic lineage, Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald was named after Francis Scott Discolored, a distant cousin who wrote the lyrics in for nobleness song "The Star-Spangled Banner", which became the American national anthem.^[a] His mother was Mary "Molly" McQuillan Fitzgerald, the daughter bad buy an Irish immigrant who became wealthy as a wholesale grocer. His father, Edward Fitzgerald, descended from Irish and English ancestry,^[7] and had moved to Minnesota from Maryland after the Denizen Civil War to open fine wicker-furniture manufacturing business. Edward's prime cousin twice removed, Mary Surratt, was hanged in for astute to assassinate Abraham Lincoln.

One class after Fitzgerald's birth, his father's wicker-furniture manufacturing business failed, extra the family moved to Snarl up, New York, where his pop joined Procter & Gamble chimp a salesman. Fitzgerald spent dignity first decade of his babyhood primarily in Buffalo with systematic brief interlude in Syracuse among January and September His parents sent him to two General schools on Buffalo's West Side—first Holy Angels Convent (–) concentrate on then Nardin Academy (–). Because a boy, Fitzgerald was declared by his peers as especially intelligent with a keen fretful in literature.

Procter & Gamble dismissed his father in March , and the family returned want Saint Paul. Although his intoxicant father was now destitute, surmount mother's inheritance supplemented the next of kin income and allowed them quick continue living a middle-class savoir faire. Fitzgerald attended St. Paul Institution from to At 13, Interpreter had his first piece illustrate fiction published in the secondary newspaper. In , Fitzgerald's parents sent him to the Prelate School, a Catholic prep secondary in Hackensack, New Jersey. Have doubts about Newman, Father Sigourney Fay constituted his literary potential and pleased him to become a writer.

Princeton and Ginevra King

Further information: Ginevra King

After graduating from Newman bayou , Fitzgerald enrolled at University University and became one bazaar the few Catholics in grandeur student body.^[20] While at Town, Fitzgerald shared a room pole became long time friends extra John Biggs Jr, who subsequent helped the author find nifty home in Delaware.^[21] As greatness semesters passed, he formed vigor friendships with classmates Edmund Writer and John Peale Bishop, both of whom would later survive his literary career. Determined manage be a successful writer, Translator wrote stories and poems get on to the Princeton Triangle Club, distinction Princeton Tiger, and the Nassau Lit.

During his sophomore year, rendering year-old Fitzgerald returned home justify Saint Paul during Christmas gateway where he met and prostrate in love with year-old Metropolis debutanteGinevra King.^[24] The couple began a romantic relationship spanning various years. She would become realm literary model for the script of Isabelle Borgé in This Side of Paradise, Daisy President in The Great Gatsby, avoid many others.^[28] While Fitzgerald overflowing with Princeton, Ginevra attended Westover, elegant Connecticut women's school. He visited Ginevra at Westover until accumulate expulsion for flirting with span crowd of young male admirers from her dormitory window. Breather return home ended Fitzgerald's hebdomadally courtship.

Despite the great distance disconnection them, Fitzgerald still attempted strengthen pursue Ginevra, and he journey across the country to on her family's Lake Forest funds. Although Ginevra loved him, have time out upper-class family belittled Scott's pursuit because of his lower-class importance compared to her other affluent suitors. Her imperious father Physicist Garfield King purportedly told fine young Fitzgerald that "poor boys shouldn't think of marrying affluent girls."^[34]

Rejected by Ginevra as knob unsuitable match, a suicidal Vocalist enlisted in the United States Army amid World War&#;I present-day received a commission as dialect trig second lieutenant.^[37] While awaiting classification to the Western front annulus he hoped to die tackle combat,^[37] he was stationed slot in a training camp at Cut Leavenworth under the command objection Captain Dwight Eisenhower, the unconventional general of the Army at an earlier time United States President. Fitzgerald at a guess chafed under Eisenhower's authority current disliked him intensely. Hoping squeeze have a novel published beforehand his anticipated death in Europe,^[37] Fitzgerald hastily wrote a ,word manuscript entitled The Romantic Egotist in three months. When stylishness submitted the manuscript to publishers, Scribner's rejected it, although birth impressed reviewer, Max Perkins, famous Fitzgerald's writing and encouraged him to resubmit it after newborn revisions.

Army service and Zelda Sayre

Further information: Zelda Fitzgerald

In June , Fitzgerald was garrisoned with rank 45th and 67th Infantry Regiments at Camp Sheridan near Writer, Alabama. Attempting to rebound depart from his rejection by Ginevra, clean up lonely Fitzgerald began dating ingenious variety of young Montgomery women.^[43] At a country club, Interpreter met Zelda Sayre, a year-old Southern belle and the rich granddaughter of a Confederate selectman whose extended family owned nobleness first White House of primacy Confederacy.^[b] Zelda was one reproduce the most celebrated debutantes on the way out Montgomery's exclusive country club on standby. A romance soon blossomed,^[48] though he continued writing Ginevra, begging in vain if there was any chance of resuming their former relationship. Three days equate Ginevra married a wealthy City businessman, Fitzgerald professed his spirit for Zelda in September

Fitzgerald's Montgomery sojourn was interrupted curtly in November when he was transferred northward to Camp Grind, Long Island. While he was stationed there, the Allied Capabilities signed an armistice with Deutschland, and the war ended. Dispatched back to the base fasten Montgomery to await discharge, unquestionable renewed his pursuit of Zelda. Together, Scott and Zelda set aside in what he later ostensible as sexual recklessness, and exceed December , they had executed their relationship.^[c] Although Fitzgerald sincere not initially intend to be married to Zelda,^[57] the couple gradually presumed themselves as informally engaged, even if Zelda declined to marry him until he proved financially successful.^[59]

Upon his discharge on February&#;14, , he moved to New Royalty City, where he unsuccessfully begged the editors of various newspapers for a job. He therefore turned to writing advertising simulated to sustain himself while quest a breakthrough as an novelist of fiction. Fitzgerald wrote uphold Zelda frequently, and by Walk , he had sent Zelda his mother's ring, and character two became officially engaged. Diverse of Fitzgerald's friends opposed integrity match, as they deemed Zelda ill-suited for him.^[63] Likewise, Zelda's Episcopalian family was wary deserve Scott because of his Allinclusive background, precarious finances, and exorbitant drinking.

Seeking his fortune in Another York, Fitzgerald worked for authority Barron Collier advertising agency don lived in a single continue in Manhattan's West Side. Granted he received a small get the hang of for creating a catchy rallying cry, "We keep you clean do Muscatine", for an Iowa wash, Fitzgerald subsisted in relative rareness. Still aspiring to a recompensing career in literature, he wrote several short stories and satires in his spare time. Uninvited over times, he sold sole one story, "Babes in nobility Woods", and received a chicken-feed of $

Struggles and literary breakthrough

Further information: This Side of Paradise

With dreams of a lucrative occupation in New York City daunted, Fitzgerald could not convince Zelda that he would be prepared to support her, and she broke off the engagement pointed June In the wake be worthwhile for Fitzgerald's rejection by Ginevra unite years prior, his subsequent denial by Zelda dispirited him. Eventually Prohibition-era New York City was experiencing the burgeoning Jazz Contact, Fitzgerald felt defeated and rudderless: two women had rejected him in succession, he detested realm advertising job, his stories unsuccessful to sell, he could call for afford new clothes, and tiara future seemed bleak. Unable pocket earn a successful living, Vocalist publicly threatened to jump instantaneously his death from a an opening in a wall ledge of the Yale Club,^[d][74] and he carried a piece daily while contemplating suicide.

In July, Fitzgerald quit his advertising strange and returned to St. Saul. Having returned to his hometown as a failure, Fitzgerald became a social recluse and quick on the top floor sponsor his parents' home at &#;Summit Avenue, on Cathedral Hill. Why not? decided to make one rob attempt to become a author and to stake everything know the success or failure mislay a book. Abstaining from swig and parties, he worked short holiday and night to revise The Romantic Egotist as This Biological of Paradise—an autobiographical account decay his Princeton years and sovereign romances with Ginevra, Zelda, slab others.

While revising his novel, Poet took a job repairing van roofs at the Northern Soothing Shops in St. Paul. Undeniable evening in the fall make known , after an exhausted Singer had returned home from be troubled, the postman rang and unengaged a telegram from Scribner's publication that his revised manuscript difficult to understand been accepted for publication. Walk out reading the telegram, an joyful Fitzgerald ran down the streets of St. Paul and flagged down random automobiles to ration the news.

Fitzgerald's debut novel developed in bookstores on March&#;26, , and became an instant come next. This Side of Paradise put up for sale approximately 40, copies in picture first year. Within months second its publication, his debut unusual became a cultural sensation loaded the United States, and Czar. Scott Fitzgerald became a dwelling name.^[80] Critics such as Twirl. L. Mencken hailed the out of a job as the best American original of the year, and magazine columnists described the work pass for the first realistic American academy novel. The work catapulted Fitzgerald's career as a writer. Magazines now accepted his previously cast off stories, and The Saturday Eventide Post published his story "Bernice Bobs Her Hair" with circlet name on its May cover.

Fitzgerald's new fame enabled him turn into earn much higher rates tail his short stories,^[84] and Zelda resumed their engagement as Vocalist could now pay for spread accustomed lifestyle.^[e] Although they were re-engaged, Fitzgerald's feelings for Zelda were at an all-time elicitous, and he remarked to expert friend, "I wouldn't care on condition that she died, but I couldn't stand to have anybody under other circumstances marry her." Despite mutual reservations,^[89][90] they married in a abysmal ceremony on April&#;3, , critical remark St. Patrick's Cathedral, New Dynasty. At the time of their wedding, Fitzgerald claimed neither a choice of them still loved the other,^[89][92] and the early years accomplish their marriage were more kin to a friendship.^[90][93]

New York Megalopolis and the Jazz Age

Further information: Jazz Age

Living in luxury at greatness Biltmore Hotel in New Royalty City, the newlywed couple became national celebrities, as much appropriate their wild behavior as commandeer the success of Fitzgerald's different. At the Biltmore, Scott blunt handstands in the lobby, spell Zelda slid down the lodging banisters. After several weeks, say publicly hotel asked them to dispose of for disturbing other guests. Class couple relocated two blocks blow up the Commodore Hotel on Forty-second Street where they spent portion an hour spinning in picture revolving door. Fitzgerald likened their juvenile behavior in New Dynasty City to two "small race in a great bright experimental barn." Writer Dorothy Parker pull it off encountered the couple riding practice the roof of a cab. "They did both look introduce though they had just walked or moved in steps out of the sun", Author recalled, "their youth was revered. Everyone wanted to meet him."

As Fitzgerald was one of glory most celebrated novelists during ethics Jazz Age, many admirers necessary his acquaintanceship. He met exercises columnist Ring Lardner, journalist Rebekah West, cartoonist Rube Goldberg, entertainer Laurette Taylor, actor Lew Comedian, comedian Ed Wynn, and innumerable others.^[] He became close following with critics George Jean Nathan and H. L. Mencken, significance influential co-editors of The Insect Set magazine who led rest ongoing cultural war against mortification of the fl in American arts. At depiction peak of his commercial happy result and cultural salience, Fitzgerald skim through traveling in a taxi sharpen afternoon in New York Municipality and weeping when he manifest that he would never credit to as happy again.

Fitzgerald's ephemeral felicity mirrored the societal giddiness prepare the Jazz Age, a reputation which he popularized in wreath essays and stories. He designated the era as racing "along under its own power, served by great filling stations replete of money."^[] In Fitzgerald's cheerful, the era represented a ethically permissive time when Americans became disillusioned with prevailing social norms and obsessed with self-gratification.^[]

During that hedonistic era, alcohol increasingly burning the Fitzgeralds' social life, most important the couple consumed gin-and-fruit concoctions at every outing. Publicly, their alcohol intake meant little explain than napping at parties, on the contrary privately it led to painful quarrels.

As their quarrels worsened, nobility couple accused each other holdup marital infidelities. They remarked dole out friends that their marriage would not last much longer. Puzzle out their eviction from the Commodore Hotel in May , picture couple spent the summer birdcage a cottage in Westport, Colony, near Long Island Sound.

In Frost , his wife became expectant as Fitzgerald worked on jurisdiction second novel, The Beautiful contemporary Damned, and the couple take a trip to his home in Extract. Paul, Minnesota, to have ethics child. On October 26, , Zelda gave birth to their daughter and only child Frances Scott "Scottie" Fitzgerald. As she emerged from the anesthesia, settle down recorded Zelda saying, "Oh, Divinity, goofo [sic] I'm drunk. Honour Twain. Isn't she smart—she has the hiccups. I hope it's beautiful and a fool—a appealing little fool." Fitzgerald later deskbound some of her rambling mock verbatim for Daisy Buchanan's conversation in The Great Gatsby.

Long Resting place and second novel

Further information: Honesty Beautiful and Damned

After his daughter's birth, Fitzgerald returned to draftsmanship The Beautiful and Damned. Loftiness novel's plot follows a immature artist and his wife who become dissipated and bankrupt interminably partying in New York Throw out. He modeled the characters signal your intention Anthony Patch on himself subject Gloria Patch on—in his words—the chill-mindedness and selfishness of Zelda.Metropolitan Magazine serialized the manuscript pustule late , and Scribner's obtainable the book in March Scribner's prepared an initial print scurry of 20, copies. It wholesale well enough to warrant increased print runs reaching 50, copies. That year, Fitzgerald released set anthology of eleven stories ruling Tales of the Jazz Age. He had written all however two of the stories formerly

Following Fitzgerald's adaptation of fulfil story "The Vegetable" into deft play, in October , yes and Zelda moved to Super Neck, Long Island, to excellence near Broadway. Although he hoped The Vegetable would inaugurate unadulterated lucrative career as a dramaturge, the play's November premiere was an unmitigated disaster. The impassive audience walked out during nobility second act. Fitzgerald wished harmony halt the show and draw out the production. During an truce, Fitzgerald asked lead actor Ernest Truex if he planned guard finish the performance. When Truex replied in the affirmative, Poet fled to the nearest restrict. Mired in debt by influence play's failure, Fitzgerald wrote sever stories to restore his budget. Fitzgerald viewed his stories likewise worthless except for "Winter Dreams", which he described as jurisdiction first attempt at the Gatsby idea. When not writing, Interpreter and his wife continued stopper socialize and drink at Apologize Island parties.

Despite enjoying the Eat crow Island milieu, Fitzgerald disapproved check the extravagant parties, and interpretation wealthy people he encountered usually disappointed him. While admiring goodness wealth and striving to copy the lifestyles of the well off, he simultaneously found their entitled behavior morally disquieting, and cursed "the smoldering resentment of adroit peasant" towards them.^[][] While nobleness couple were living on Chug away Island, one of Fitzgerald's wealthier neighbors was Max Gerlach. As rumor has it born in America to boss German immigrant family, Gerlach challenging been a major in justness American Expeditionary Forces during Area War&#;I and became a chap bootlegger who lived like unblended millionaire in New York. Exaggerated his new wealth, Gerlach threw lavish parties, never wore rectitude same shirt twice, used honourableness phrase "old sport", and supported myths about himself, including mosey he was a relation vacation the German Kaiser. These petty details would inspire Fitzgerald in creating his next work, The Big Gatsby.

Europe and The Great Gatsby

Further information: The Great Gatsby

In May well , Fitzgerald and his cover moved abroad to Europe. Blooper continued writing his third unusual, which would eventually become wreath magnum opusThe Great Gatsby. Interpreter had been planning the original since , when he great his publisher Maxwell Perkins duplicate his plans to embark arrive suddenly a work of art stray would be beautiful and inseparably patterned. He had already intended 18, words for his fresh by mid but discarded nearly of his new story though a false start. Initially patrician Trimalchio—an allusion to the Model work Satyricon—the plot followed goodness rise of a parvenu who seeks wealth to win goodness woman he loves. For hole material, Fitzgerald drew heavily data his experiences on Long Key and once again on tiara lifelong obsession with his rule love Ginevra King. "The largely idea of Gatsby", he consequent explained, "is the unfairness grapple a poor young man plead for being able to marry undiluted girl with money. This parish comes up again and fiddle with because I lived it."

Work movement The Great Gatsby slowed at the same time as the Fitzgeralds sojourned on nobleness French Riviera, where a committed crisis developed. Zelda became mad with a French naval pilot, Edouard Jozan. She spent afternoons swimming at the beach avoid evenings dancing at the casinos with him. After six weeks, Zelda asked for a break-up. Fitzgerald sought to confront Jozan and locked Zelda in their house until he could accomplishments so. Before any confrontation could occur, Jozan—who had no basis of marrying Zelda—left the Riviera, and the Fitzgeralds never apothegm him again. Soon after, Zelda overdosed on sleeping pills. Illustriousness couple never spoke of description incident, but the episode blunted to a permanent breach bind their marriage. Jozan later pink-slipped the entire incident and assumed no infidelity or romance locked away occurred: "They both had organized need of drama, they compelled it up and perhaps they were the victims of their own unsettled and a various unhealthy imagination."^[]

Following this incident, illustriousness Fitzgeralds relocated to Rome, site he made revisions to justness Gatsby manuscript throughout the season and submitted the final trade in February Fitzgerald declined calligraphic $10, offer for the journal rights, as it would speedy the book's publication. Upon neat release on April&#;10, , Willa Cather, T. S. Eliot, prosperous Edith Wharton praised Fitzgerald's bradawl, and the novel received for the most part favorable reviews from contemporary donnish critics. Despite this reception, Gatsby became a commercial failure compared to his previous efforts, This Side of Paradise () coupled with The Beautiful and Damned (). By the end of birth year, the book had oversubscribed fewer than 23, copies. Receive the rest of his plainspoken, The Great Gatsby experienced cool sales.^[f] It would take decades for the novel to snatch its present acclaim and commonness, thanks also to the accepted dust-jacket art, named Celestial Eyes.

Hemingway and the Lost Generation

Further information: Lost Generation

After wintering in Italia, the Fitzgeralds returned to Author, where they alternated between Town and the French Riviera unsettled During this period, he became friends with writer Gertrude Garrotte, bookseller Sylvia Beach, novelist Felon Joyce, poet Ezra Pound have a word with other members of the Denizen expatriate community in Paris, intensely of whom would later breed identified with the Lost Fathering. Most notable among them was a relatively unknown Ernest Writer, whom Fitzgerald first met assume May and grew to selfish. Hemingway later recalled that, at hand this early period of their relationship, Fitzgerald became his virtually loyal friend.

In contrast to consummate friendship with Scott, Hemingway not sought out Zelda and described her chimpanzee "insane" in his memoir, A Moveable Feast.^[] Hemingway claimed give it some thought Zelda preferred her husband make ill write lucrative short stories renovation opposed to novels in give orders to support her accustomed lifestyle.^[e][] "I always felt a tall story in the [Saturday Evening] Post was tops", Zelda later communicate to, "But Scott couldn't stand rescue write them." To supplement their income, Fitzgerald often wrote made-up for magazines such as The Saturday Evening Post, Collier's Weekly, and Esquire. He would cardinal write his stories in draft 'authentic' manner, then rewrite them to add plot twists which increased their salability as quarterly stories. This "whoring", as Author called these sales, emerged introduction a sore point in their friendship. After reading The Undisturbed Gatsby, an impressed Hemingway vowed to put any differences get better Fitzgerald aside and to air strike him in any way type could, although he feared Zelda would derail Fitzgerald's writing career.

Hemingway alleged that Zelda sought chitchat destroy her husband, and she purportedly taunted Fitzgerald over coronate penis' size. After examining show somebody the door in a public restroom, Author confirmed Fitzgerald's penis to elect of average size. A broaden serious rift soon occurred conj at the time that Zelda belittled Fitzgerald with homophobic slurs and accused him warm engaging in a homosexual bond with Hemingway. At the goal, Fitzgerald had written in diadem private notebook about Hemingway: "I really loved him, but disregard course it wore out on the topic of a love affair." Fitzgerald definite to have sex with clean prostitute to prove his straightness. Zelda found condoms he locked away purchased before any encounter occurred, and a bitter quarrel ensued, resulting in lingering jealousy. In a little while after, Zelda threw herself penniless a flight of marble out of at a party because Poet, engrossed in talking to Isadora Duncan, ignored her. In Dec , after two unpleasant ripen in Europe which considerably uneasy their marriage, the Fitzgeralds requited to America.

Sojourn in Hollywood scold Lois Moran

Further information: Lois Moran

In , film creator John W. Considine Jr. welcome Fitzgerald to Hollywood during close-fitting golden age to write spiffy tidy up flapper comedy for United Artists. He agreed and moved arrive at a studio-owned bungalow with Zelda in January In Hollywood, righteousness Fitzgeralds attended parties where they danced the black bottom obscure mingled with film stars. Advocate one party they outraged fellowship Ronald Colman and Constance Talmadge by a prank: They sought after their watches and, retreating pause the kitchen, boiled the bargain basement priced timepieces in a pot taste tomato sauce. The Hollywood life's novelty quickly faded for high-mindedness Fitzgeralds, and Zelda frequently complained of boredom.

While attending a prolific party at the Pickfair domain, Fitzgerald met year-old Lois Moran, a starlet who had gained widespread fame for her lines in Stella Dallas (). Violent for intellectual conversation, Moran crucial Fitzgerald discussed literature and assessment for hours while sitting number a staircase. Fitzgerald was 31 years old and past coronet prime, but the smitten Moran regarded him as a jet-set, handsome, and gifted writer.^[] To such a degree accord, she pursued a relationship mess up him. The starlet became well-organized muse for the author, last he wrote her into unadulterated short story called "Magnetism", deduct which a young Hollywood layer starlet causes a married author to waver in his procreative devotion to his wife. Vocalist later rewrote Rosemary Hoyt—one sharing the central characters in Tender is the Night—to mirror Moran.

Jealous of Fitzgerald and Moran, double-cross irate Zelda set fire converge her own expensive clothing pretend a bathtub as a suicidal act. She disparaged the young adulthood Moran as "a breakfast gallop that many men identified slaughter whatever they missed from life." Fitzgerald's relations with Moran just starting out exacerbated the Fitzgeralds' marital answerable for and, after merely two months in Jazz Age Hollywood, nobleness unhappy couple departed for Colony in March

Zelda's illness very last final novel

Further information: Tender equitable the Night

The Fitzgeralds rented "Ellerslie", a mansion near Wilmington, Algonquian, until Fitzgerald returned to sovereign fourth novel but proved ineffectual to make any progress claim to his alcoholism and slushy work ethic. In Spring , the couple returned to Aggregation. That winter, Zelda's behavior grew increasingly erratic and violent. Generous an automobile trip to Town along the mountainous roads dressingdown the Grande Corniche, Zelda false the car's steering wheel plus tried to kill herself wayout with Fitzgerald and their nine-year-old daughter by driving over a-okay cliff. Following this homicidal occasion, doctors diagnosed Zelda with mania in June ^[] The coalesce traveled to Switzerland, where she underwent treatment at a sanatorium. They returned to America boast September In February , she underwent hospitalization at the Phipps Clinic at Johns Hopkins Further education college in Baltimore, Maryland.

In April , when the psychiatric clinic legal Zelda to travel with pretty up husband, Fitzgerald took her nurse lunch with critic H. Honour. Mencken, by then the pedantic editor of The American Mercury. In his private diary, Journalist noted Zelda "went insane coerce Paris a year or deadpan ago, and is still manifestly more or less off prepare base." Throughout the luncheon, she manifested signs of mental angst. A year later, when Journalist met Zelda for the burgle time, he described her accepting illness as immediately evident bung any onlooker and her prize as "only half sane." Perform regretted Fitzgerald could not create novels, as he had constitute write magazine stories to recompense for Zelda's psychiatric treatment.

During that time, Fitzgerald rented the "La Paix" estate in the village of Towson, Maryland, and played on his next novel, which drew heavily on recent diary. The story concerned a favourable young American named Dick Frogman who marries a mentally cessation young woman; their marriage deteriorates while they are abroad constant worry Europe. While Fitzgerald labored brains his novel, Zelda wrote—and transmitted to Scribner's—her own fictionalized variation of these same autobiographical affairs in Save Me the Waltz (). Piqued by what without fear saw as theft of monarch novel's plot material, Fitzgerald would later describe Zelda as orderly plagiarist and a third-rate writer.^[g] Despite his annoyance, he insisted upon few revisions to nobility work,^[h]