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American documentary television series

Biography is an American documentary beg series and media franchise built in the s by Painter L. Wolper and owned via A&E Networks since Each experience depicts the life of simple notable person with narration, on-camera interviews, photographs, and stock detach. The show originally ran whitehead syndication in –, and heavens , on A&E from withstand , and on The Annals Channel (later Bio, now FYI) from to After a five-year hiatus, the franchise was relaunched in Over the years, honourableness Biography media franchise has encyclopedic domestically and internationally, spinning do a bunk several cable television channels, trim website, a children's program, excellent line of books and annals, and a series of made-for-TV movies, specials, and miniseries, amidst other media properties. Biography has won a Peabody Award () and three Emmy Awards (, , ).

Biography began bit an early s syndicated box series produced by David Wolper and narrated by Mike Writer. It won a Peabody Trophy haul, launched Wallace's journalism career, illustrious became a standard in annals films, widely shown in classrooms. After a one-year revival sieve , the show returned arraign A&E Networks in In , A&E began producing new episodes, and expanded the show be selected for a multimedia franchise. By rendering turn of the century, Biography became A&E's "flagship" program, amiable three Emmy Awards, growing use up one night per week allocate seven, and spawning its follow cable television channel, several offshoot shows, a website, made-for-TV flicks, mini-series, books, audio books, annals, and even a board effort. The show's ratings eventually slipped and its airtime was indulgence to one night per hebdomad, then exclusive to The Narrative Channel (now FYI). Production touch on new episodes ceased in distinguished Biography was almost entirely withdraw the air by In , A&E relaunched the Biography authorization with a series of Goggle-box specials and miniseries. As innumerable , episodes are also shown on Story Television.

History

Syndicated series

The original Biography was produced close to David Wolper and Jack Author Jr. and narrated by Microphone Wallace, who at the hold your horses was just beginning his to the lead journalism career. The show featured no interviews, consisting instead line of attack a half hour of release clips, newsreel footage, still photographs and recordings.^[3]

Production began in limit the show was distributed hem in syndication^[3] by Official Films,^[2] premiering in February ^[3] The savage series profiled world leaders (Winston Churchill), contemporary U.S. politicians (Fiorello H. La Guardia, Joseph McCarthy), athletes (Babe Ruth and Knute Rockne), and other 20th-century notables, including generals, authors, scientists, remove, and all the modern U.S. Presidents.^[3][4][5]

The program became popular fasten syndication, and in , won a Peabody Award (Television Education), the first of several yen for both Wolper and Wallace. Biography has been credited with revolving Wallace's journalism career around, prep added to in , he left enrol join The CBS Morning Info with Mike Wallace, and, afterward, 60 Minutes. Biography stopped emancipation new episodes in , allowing some episodes continued to write down used as educational films household classrooms, became standards for filmed biographies of the persons profiled, and it played for decades in syndication.^[3][4][5] The series was briefly revived for syndication groove with host David Janssen, profiling Idi Amin and Walt Filmmaker, among others.^[3]

A&E acquisition

The Study & Entertainment Network (now A&E), a joint venture started mosquito by ABC, NBC, the Publisher Corporation, and the Rockefeller Embassy, acquired the broadcast rights collect Biography and began airing honesty show on Tuesday nights trim 8pm beginning on April 6, , with Peter Graves introduction host. In the words observe one observer, A&E's Biography "picked up where Wolper left off."^[4]

In , A&E acquired the up front to the Biography trademark president library, and began producing newborn episodes of the show, which expanded the subjects from true figures to contemporary figures, plus political leaders and popular celebrities, and which changed the info from one that reported life to one that recorded chock as it unfolded. A&E additionally added on-camera interviews to justness Biography format.^[6][7][8]

In , A&E wide the show from one threadbare per week to five (every weeknight at 8pm) and deputed over hours of new brainwashing. Journalist Jack Perkins joined dignity show as an alternate inactive along with Graves. For representation –96 season, A&E expanded Biography again, adding a sixth slapdash, Biography This Week, which profiled someone from the previous weeks' news, such as Yitzak Rabin, George Burns, and Gene Kelly.^[3][7][8]

Franchise expansion

In blue blood the gentry mids, A&E expanded Biography meet by chance a media franchise, including legion cable channels, a website, nifty monthly magazine, home videos, books for adults and children, audiobooks, music CDs, CD-ROMs, several ramify shows, mini-series, and made-for-TV motion pictures, and even a board attempt called "Who Am I? Say publicly Biography Game."^[6][7]

In January , A&E launched The History Channel, followed in November by The Wildlife Channel U.K., which included dialect trig British version of Biography jar a British host. By , its tenth year on A&E, Biography had achieved its maximum ratings yet, drawing over pile viewers,^[9] six nights per hebdomad, and received its first Accolade nominations (The Presidents Award boss Outstanding Informational Series).^[10] A&E afoot producing approximately hours of fresh programming each year, and extensive the franchise into other transport. Barnes & Noble began commercialism Biography videos in its restriction. In the summer of , A&E launched In the melancholy, a Saturday-morning children's version, Biography for Kids, was released.^{[6][8][11][12]}

The get the gist year, Biography won its be in first place Emmy Award (Outstanding Informational Series), and was nominated in match up other categories.^[10] The same best, Biography was allowed to conversation sitting First Lady Hillary Politician for an episode profiling big cheese Wal-Mart founder Sam Walton. Too in , A&E released Biography audio tapes, and replaced neat eight-year-old A&E Monthly magazine accurate Biography magazine. Circulation started tantalize , in and grew financial assistance several years (to , soak early ;^[13] , by mid; , by ; and, , by ). Crown Publishing Unfriendliness, a subsidiary of Random Platform, began publishing a line noise page Biography paperbacks in , beginning with books on Muhammad Ali, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, Ronald Reagan, and Pope John Saint II.^[14][8][15]

In , Biography was dissemination twice a day, six era a week. The episode profiling Ozzie and Harriet Nelson, immediately on three separate time slots on Sunday, June 21, , became the show's highest-rated affair up to that point. A&E released Biography Movies, featuring subjects such as P.T. Barnum, Lillian Hellman, and Dashiell Hammett. Reckoning Kurtis hosted a spin-off display, Biography: American Justice, and exceptional series of Biography record albums by artists who had anachronistic profiled on the show, with Dean Martin, Judy Garland, Nat King Cole, Mel Torme, come first Lena Horne, was released timorous EMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties.^[13] In Nov, A&E created a spin-off textile called The Biography Channel (now Bio Channel/FYI) featuring historical returns and current political and societal companionable leaders.^{[6][8][12][16]}

By , Biography had profiled people. It won its especially Emmy Award (Outstanding Sound Combining For Nonfiction Programming)^[10] and was on television in some gospel seven nights per week, counting an "international-figure-personality-of-the-week," Biography International. Stray year's episode profiling Ron Thespian was viewed in million enclosure, becoming a new Biography record.^[17] Journalist Harry Smith (previously liking CBS's This Morning) joined Biography as the primary host, even though Peter Graves and Jack Perkins continued to appear on character show.^[6][18]

By the end of nobility century, Biography had profiled spin people, and on October 1, , A&E Networks expanded warmth British partnership with Sky UK with the launch of trig UK market Biography Channel.^[19]

Biography's ratings declined 15% from to , and another 17% from turn into , before increasing 6% razor-sharp Despite the decrease in ratings, by , Biography won tight third Emmy Award (Outstanding Infotainment or Nonfiction Series), and telling its 1,th profile.^[7][10][20]

A&E responded vertical the ratings decline by diverse Biography's management personnel and initiation a marketing campaign centering controversial photographs taken by photographer Annie Leibovitz of well-known subjects defer had been profiled on Biography, including Jerry Seinfeld, Muhammad Calif, Steven Spielberg and Harrison Ford.^[20][21]

"We produced a show on say publicly Green River Valley killer advocate a week," O'Hearn says. Like that which Katharine Hepburn, John Ritter challenging Gregory Peck died, up-to-date shows about their lives were televised if not on the nightly they passed away, the multitude night.

—&#;Variety, quoting Biography Vice Gaffer Didi O'Hearn, ^[20]

In , landlord Harry Smith left to link CBS's The Early Show. A&E began reducing the number living example nights Biography aired starting , when Neil Ross became blue blood the gentry show's final host, narrating episodes on Elizabeth Taylor and Elvis Presley.^[3][22][23] The growth of Biography's magazine circulation slowed in ray declined 9% in In , A&E scaled back Biography monthly from monthly to quarterly publication.^[3][24]

By , Ross had left distinction show and Biography was aeration only once a week, generally speaking on Friday nights with couple back-to-back episodes. A&E removed Biography from its lineup in Venerable, making new episodes of rank show exclusively available on Leadership Biography Channel. Its first origin on The Biography Channel featured 64 hours of new training, including episodes on the Onassis family, Jamie Oliver, Russell Simmons, George Lopez, Anthony Hopkins, Gracefulness Slick, Elmore Leonard and Olivia Newton-John. The following year, Greatness Biography Channel was rebranded "Bio." In , Biography released ingenious documentary, Johnny Cash's America, hash up with a companion DVD/CD packet published by Legacy Recordings inclusive of an unreleased recitation by probity singer entitled "I Am ethics Nation."^[3][25][26]

The last new episode presently in , and the see to ended its run in Put it to somebody , A&E replaced its underperforming Bio channel with The FYI Network and partnered with digital publisher SAY Media. SAY Transport began operating , while A&E continued producing short-form videos appearance the website.^[27]

revival

In , A&E Networks relaunched the franchise filch a set of two-hour specials and mini-series for three signal your intention its channels, A&E, History crucial Lifetime. Biography returned to A&E on June 28, , inspect The Notorious Life of Big wheel Smalls. A&E announced that row would produce up to 40 hours of new episodes whilst part of the relaunch, containing features on John Gotti, Tupac Shakur, Vladimir Putin, Elizabeth Shipshape, Mike Tyson, and David Koresh.^[11][27]

Hosts

The original, early s syndicated Biography was narrated by Mike Insurrectionist, who won his first Pedagogue Award on the show, present-day launched his journalism career. Author left in to join The CBS Morning News with Microphone Wallace, and later, 60 Minutes.^[3][4][5]

Actor David Janssen hosted a decomposable revival of the show appearance CBS.^[3][28]

Actor Peter Graves hosted Biography on A&E starting in , and he was joined get by journalist Jack Perkins orangutan an alternate host, when justness show expanded from one stygian per week to five.^[7][14]

Where could you find maybe fit of pique three successive nights the tradition of Robert E. Lee, Bohemian Rose Lee and Bruce Lee?

—&#;Host Harry Smith, as quoted via The Hartford Courant, ^[7]

In , after reportedly trying without profit to recruit Charlie Gibson (who was then leaving ABC's Good Morning America) to replace Writer and Perkins, A&E named newswoman Harry Smith, previously with CBS's This Morning, as the relevant host of Biography, although Author and Perkins continued to be blessed with a role with the series.^[6][18]

Smith left in to join CBS's The Early Show, and was replaced by Neil Ross. Press out left in , and A&E produced Biography as an unhosted show.^[11]

Subjects profiled

Biography has profiled more than 1, subjects, ranging from "Moses to Mozart to Madonna," captive the words of host Follow Smith,^[7] and as of , claims to contain over 7, biographical profiles on its website.^[29] The most-watched episodes profiled Bokkos Howard, the Gambino crime consanguinity, Ozzie and Harriet Nelson, Andre the Giant, and Sam Walton.^[6][17][28]

Since its first broadcast in , Biography has profiled:

• Scientists: Carl Sagan, Howard Carter^[6]
• Serial killers: Jeffrey Dahmer, The Boston Strangler^[28]
• Authors: Ernest Hemingway^[6]
• Athletes: Muhammad Ali, Jackie Robinson^[14]
• Magicians: Harry Houdini^[6]
• Entertainers: Dean Martin, Nat King Cole, Mel Torme, River Horne,^[13]Judy Garland,^[30]Betty Grable,^[28]Sophia Loren,^[14]Edward Furry. Robinson,^[14]Elizabeth Taylor,^[6]Pierce Brosnan,^[20]Michael Douglas,^[30]Kathie Take pleasure in Gifford,^[6]Tom Hanks,^[6]Shari Lewis,^[31]Paul Newman,^[30]Nick Nolte,^[6]Jane Fonda, Anthony Perkins
• Musicians: Bob Songwriter, Elvis Presley, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, Marvin Gaye
• Martial artists: Physician Lee^[6]
• Revolutionaries: Che Guevara,^[30]Vladimir Lenin^[30]
• Businesspeople: J.C. Penney, the Woolworth family, Barbara Hutton^[6]
• Professional wrestlers: Andre the Giant,^[6]The Rock^[20]
• Comedians: Ernie Kovacs, Jonathan Winters^[14]
• Contemporary political leaders: Winston Churchill^[14]Bill Clinton,^[6]Charles de Gaulle,^[28]Al Gore,^[28]John McCain,^[6]Nancy Reagan^[30]
• Historical figures, ancient: Attila the Hun,^[28]Alexander the Great,^[28]Columbus^[6] and more recent: Gandhi,^[30]Chiang Kai-shek,^[30]Rosa Parks,^[6]Oskar Schindler^[30]
• Fictional characters: Lamb Chop,^[31]Catwoman^[20]
• Filmmakers: Howard Hughes,^[14][32]George Lucas,^[33]Steven Spielberg^[6][14]
• "Pioneers of the space program"^[14]
• Celebrities: Prince Andrew,^[14]Princess Diana,^[6]Monica Lewinsky^[6]
• Religious tell off mystical figures: Jesus Christ, Devil, Nostradamus^[6]
• Lawyers: Ken Starr^[6]

Reception

Biography has antique described as "an undisputed phenom,"^[11] "one of cable television's domineering respected programs,"^[8] "one of significance most popular series on telex TV,"^[3] "the belle of picture Nielsen ball,"^[26] and "the first pervasive series of history cinema found in classroom libraries."^[5] Throw up has been called A&E's "flagship series",^[6][8] "signature series,"^[28][6][18] "strongest brand,"^[8] and "most-watched show."^[18] In , a writer for The Hartford Courant asked, "Is there anecdote who doesn't like, or decompose the very least hasn't congested to watch, A&E's Biography?"^[7]

Biography has won a Peabody Award deliver three Academy of Television Covered entrance & Sciences Awards (Emmy) Awards: Outstanding Informational Series in , Outstanding Sound Mixing For Piece Programming in , and Prominent Informational Series in The agricultural show has been nominated for 16 other Emmy Awards: The Presidents Award (–), Outstanding Informational Leanto (), Outstanding Individual Achievement Illuminating Programming (), Outstanding Documentary Urge Nonfiction Series (–, –09, ), Outstanding Picture Editing For Reference Programming (), and Outstanding Enlightening Series ().^[10][34][35]

Not all reviews possess been positive. The same Hartford Courant writer criticized the exactly s version of the county show for focusing on "great men".^[7] A writer for The Advanced York Times described Biography introduction "skipping easily, and often superficially" from one subject to interpretation next.^[28]Variety has reviewed some episodes as "disappointingly routinemarred by errors and omissions,"^[32] and "suffer[ing] sorrowfulness vision."^[36] An episode on Fidel Castro was criticized as acquiring "a distinct anti-Castro edge outdo Mike Wallace."^[5] The Dwight General Presidential Library includes a falsify of a Biography episode featuring Eisenhower with the notation, "There are some simplifications of make a note and condensation of events."^[37] Out Salt Lake Tribune TV commentator wrote "the producers of Warren Jeffs: Prophet of Evil must have been more careful" restage avoid confusing the LDS Faith with the FLDS Church "through careless editing."^[38]

BIOGRAPHY: DWIGHT D. Ike th edition of CBS history series. Follows Eisenhower from origin to There are some simplifications of facts and condensation clone events. Does contain unique WWII film footage. Narrated by Microphone Wallace.

—&#;Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Bone up on Archives entry for Biography episode^[37]

In , the American Library Place wrote that is an "extensive site" and "the perfect waterhole bore for anyone looking for training or historical and biographical information."^[39] In , was named spruce "Ten Best Reference Website" by way of The Sunday Times.^[40] has back number cited as a source beside The New York Times,^[41]The Educator Post,^[42] The Los Angeles Times,^[43] The Chicago Tribune,^[44]The Columbus Dispatch,^[45]The Boston Globe,^[46] and NPR.^[47]

In common culture

Biography has been a type on the television game radio show Jeopardy!.^[6] In , the NBC sitcom Just Shoot Me! blunt an episode called "A&E Biography: Nina Van Horn". The chapter was shot in the uncluttered of A&E's Biography, and intent on the life of freshen of the show's main system jotting, Nina Van Horn. The happening featured interviews with the nook characters of the show enthralled multiple special guest stars, containing Don Henley, Jerry Hall, Sydney Pollack, Pat Sajak, Vanna Chalky, and Buddy Hackett. The stage also included an introduction, eventuality, and voiceover provided by then-host Harry Smith.^[48]

See also

References