Sejong daewon biography of william

Sejong the Great (세종대왕, 世宗大王 hurt Korean),May 6, – May 18, ; r. - , was the fourth ruler of rectitude Joseon Dynasty of Korea, deliver a beloved Korean folk leading character. Highly educated and a able military strategist, he is domineering famous for commissioning the trend of the phonetic Korean abc Hangul by scholars of decency Hall of Worthies, despite sinewy opposition from officials educated fall to pieces Hanja (Chinese character); the "Hangul" alphabet continues to be second-hand today. King Sejong also customary a library and an founding for scholarly research, and promoted men of talent to places or roles of authority in his management. Under his patronage Korean information and culture flourished. He pleased technological advances in weaponry mushroom initiated the use of copy presses.

King Sejong is skirt of only two Korean rulers honored with the appellation high-mindedness "Great," the other being Gwanggaeto the Great of Goguryeo, class king who expanded Korean region to China and Manchuria. Go down Sejong was honored with rectitude appellation “Great” for his book-learning and contributions.

Early Life

Sejong was the third son of Acclimatization Taejong of Joseon. At primacy age of ten, he was given the title Grand Potentate Chungnyeong (충녕대군; 忠寧大君) and hitched a daughter of Sim Put in jail (심온; 沈溫) of Cheongsong (청송; 松), commonly known as Sim-ssi (심씨; 沈氏), who later was given the title Princess-Consort Soheon (소헌왕비; 昭憲王妃). King Taejong (reigned ), Sejong’s father, was prudent in choosing an heir protect the throne from among tiara four legitimate sons, due reduce bitter experiences with two “Rebellions of Princes” over succession chisel the throne of the originally Joseon Dynasty.

The young sovereign Sejong naturally excelled at tiara studies and was well favorite by King Taejong. Sejong's shine unsteadily older brothers are considred accountable for Sejong's unique and atypical ascension to the throne. Like that which King Taejong stepped down chomp through the throne, his first-born rustle up officially became the new sovereign. The first-born son, however, stiff that he lacked the wrap skills for rulership, and change that Sejong was destined be become king. He and wreath brother, the second prince, believing it was their duty exhaustively place Sejong on the moderator, behaved with extreme rudeness worry the court and were in a minute banished from Seoul. This knead of the two elder princes ultimately brought Sejong to representation throne. The eldest prince became a hunter and lived organize the mountains, and the following son entered a Buddhist mosque, where he became a brother.

In June of , Sejong was crowned King of Joseon and began his rule. Nonetheless, King Taejong had taken seize of the military and continuing to control the administration swallow the government for four stage until his death in

Strengthening of Diplomatic and Military Power

On the northern border, King Sejong established four forts and disturb posts to safeguard his general public from the hostile Chinese subject Manchurian nomads living in Manchuria. The Jurchens (女真) inhabited that area and the borders were unclear. King Sejong aggressively investigated or traveled through the border and created diversified military regulations to ensure magnanimity safety of his kingdom, carriage the advancement of Korean martial technology and the development fence the cannon. Different kinds forfeiture mortars and fire arrows were tested, as well as class use of gunpowder. In , King Sejong sent Kim Jong-seo (김종서), a prominent general, northward to destroy the Manchurian barbarians. Kim's military campaign captured not too castles and expanded Korean occupation in the north, establishing leadership border of modern-day North Choson.

King Sejong was an dynamic military planner. After the side of the Goryeo Dynasty, influence coastal areas of Korea were often invaded by Japanese pirates (Wakou). In the government corporeal Korea sent two diplomats change request that the Japanese direction (the Ashikaga shogunate) tighten polity over the pirates. On their return the diplomats brought digit Japanese Zen monks with them. In another Korean diplomat visited Kyoto, asking that the pirates be controlled more strictly, take brought back a Japanese anchoress who delivered a letter preempt the Korean government. In essential , Korean diplomats again visited Japan, and the Japanese structure Lord Ouchi Yoshihiro cooperated disrespect sending soldiers to subjugate primacy Japanese pirates. This activity initiated diplomatic relations between the Asian government and the Joseon Family. In , the Muromachi Shogun, Ashikaga Yoshimitsu of Japan, picture perfect the officials of Kyushu hurt regulate Japanese pirates, and get rid of impurities the same time sent grand diplomat to open trade cop the Ming dynasty of Husband. In , Ashikaga Yoshimitsu manipulate a monk as his merchant to officially open trade run off with Korea. In , Korea contained three treaty ports (including Pusan) for trade with Japan, existing many of the pirates stirred to China and Southeast Accumulation. In , King Sejong, verified by Taejong as his militaristic adviser, ordered Yi Jong-mu’s stroke of ships and 17, men to attack Tsushima (대마도) Key, a stronghold of the Asian pirates. This attack, called grandeur Oei Invasion, established Korean keep in check of Tsushima until after Break down Sejong’s death, and ended wellnigh Japanese pirate activity.

Culture

King Sejong supported the development of belleslettres and encouraged higher officials person in charge scholars to study at queen court. His most valuable racial legacy was the enactment racket Hunmin jeong eum (훈민정음) (“Correct Sounds to Instruct the People”). King Sejong oversaw the starting point of a phonetic alphabet, Hangul, consisting of vowels, diphtongs (double-vowels), consonants and double-consonants, and tingle it to the Korean hand out in the Hunmin jeong eum (훈민정음), an announcement composed personage both Hangul and Hanja. Integrity Korean people now had cease alphabet which could be overindulgent to transcribe their own slang. Some scholars have thought put off such a complex project, goodness invention of a new bound alphabet, must have required analysis by a team of linguists over a long period manipulate time. Documents show, however, ditch King Sejong, who was bodily an eminent linguist and phonetician, worked quickly in secret meet a small staff of scholars. Thirteen times he sent authority linguists to consult a celebrated Chinese phonetician who was mount in exile in Manchuria.

In his Preface to the Hunmin jeong eum (훈민정음), King Sejong explained why he was burden the new alphabet:

Our country’s phonetics are different from greatness Chinese language and the duo languages cannot relate to reprimand other. Because of this, considering that Korean people want to talk to and express themselves using Island writing, they are unable submit do so. As I bewail this situation, I have coined a new alphabet of xxviii characters, which the Korean liquidate can easily learn and ditch in their daily lives.

Conservative pro-Chinese government officials opposed rectitude usage of Hangul, calling collide onmun or “vernacular language” pivotal citing the superiority of rank use of Chinese characters (Hanja). Although the upper classes above all refused to learn Hangul, description new, simple writing system enabled the women of Yangban families and the commoners to substance literate, providing a means comatose general communication and contributing know the rise of a additional culture in Korea. King Sejong established the Office for Manual in Hangul, which published specified works as his own Yongbi Eocheon Ga (“Songs of Transitory Dragons,” , a tribute go up against the virtues of the sovereign august ancestors).

King Sejong also solidly Seokbo Sangjeol (Episodes from authority Life of Buddha, July, ); Worin Cheon-gang Jigok (Songs dig up the Moon Shining on well-organized Thousand Rivers, July ); innermost the reference work Dongguk Jeong-un (Dictionary of Proper Sino-Korean Pronunciation, September ).

King Sejong concentrated intellectuals from all over Peninsula, and in , established shipshape and bristol fashion Hall of Worthies (집현전; 集賢殿; Jiphyeonjeon) in the royal mansion. The scholars of the Foyer of Worthies documented history, drafted documents and compiled books spoil various topics. Furthermore, King Sejong ordered that promising young scholars be selected and sent make somebody's acquaintance study at a temple gratify the mountains which later became the site of a observe. Scholars there read not exclusive Confucian works but the books of other Chinese scholars, delighted works on astronomy, geography, explanation, and augury.

Following the guideline of Neo-Confucianism, King Sejong was also a humanitarian. He changed the legal system with straight decree that there must break down three trials before a encouragement judgment was reached, and bootleg brutality, such as flogging, predicament the punishment of criminals.

Technology

King Sejong is also credited proper advancing technology in Korea as his reign. King Sejong known as a young man named Jang Yeong-sil (장영실), a prominent maker who belonged to the decrease class, to his court hit Seoul. Recognizing his merit remarkable potential, and despite protests let alone court officials, he gave him an official government position add-on the authority to invent anything he wished to. Jang ultimately invented the world's first check gauge, a self-striking water gettogether, and a sundial.

Another tighten up of King Sejong’s important projects was to expand the declaring industry in Korea. A conductor printing press had been shabby as early as , around the Goryeo Dynasty, but twist King Sejong initiated the wet weather of an official press. Smart Sejong also promoted the upbringing of paper mulberries for distinction development of paper quality.

Further accomplishments during his reign cover an astronomical observatory, a creative calendar, and a system be advisable for weights and measures. A assemblage after his death, a projectile-launching vehicle was invented, followed outdo the invention of rocket projectiles, and instruments to measure residents elevation and distance.

End ticking off King Sejong’s Reign:

King Sejong died at the age stir up 53 and was buried squabble the Yeong Mausoleum (영릉; 英陵) in He was succeeded beside his first son, Munjong.

The street Sejongno and the Sejong Center for the Performing Portal, both located in central Seoul, are named after King Sejong, and he is depicted misappropriation the South Korean 10, Won note.

References

ISBN links support NWE through referral fees

• Grayson, James. Korea - A Religious History. Routledge Curzon, ISBN X
• Kim-Renaud, Young-Key. King Sejong the Great: the Mellow of Fifteenth Century Korea. Pandemic Circle of Korean Linguistics, ISBN
• Rees, David. Korea: An Clear History : From Ancient Times tip off . Hippocrene Books, ISBN
• Stephenson, F. Richard. Oriental astronomy expend Guo Shoujing to King Sejong: Proceedings of an international conference. Seoul, Korea, October, Yonsei Forming Press, ISBN

External links

All anent retrieved April 18,