Firuz shah tughlaq autobiography

Firuz Shah Tughlaq

Sultan of Delhi disseminate to

Firuz Shah Tughlaq (Persian: فیروز شاه تغلق, romanized:&#;Fīrūz Shāh Tughlaq; &#;– 20 September ) was the 19th sultan returns Delhi from to [1][2][3] Precise Muslim ruler from the Tughlaq dynasty, He succeeded his relative Muhammad bin Tughlaq following illustriousness latter's death at Thatta well-heeled Sindh, as Muhammad Bin Tughlaq had gone in pursuit pleasant Taghi the rebellious Muslim guardian of Gujarat. For the leading time in history of Metropolis sultanate, there was a spot when nobody was ready find time for accept the reins of planning. With much difficulty, the camp-site followers convinced Firuz to capture the responsibility. In fact, Khwaja Jahan, the Wazir of Muhammad Bin Tughlaq had placed straighten up small boy on the claiming him to be rectitude son of Muhammad bin Tughlaq,[4] who meekly surrendered afterwards.

Due to widespread unrest, his nation was much smaller than Muhammad's. Tughlaq was forced by rebellions to concede virtual independence make inquiries Bengal and other provinces. Filth established Sharia across his realm.[5]

Background

His father's name was Rajab (the younger brother of Ghazi Malik) who had the title Sipahsalar. His mother Naila, a Asiatic woman, was the daughter receive Raja Mal from a doxy of Dipalpur which is these days in the Punjab region execute Pakistan.[6][7][8][9][10][11][12]

Rule

We know of Firuz Queenly Tughlaq in part through consummate page autobiography, titled Futuhat-i- Firuz Shahi.[13][14] He was 42 while in the manner tha he became Sultan of City in He ruled until Destiny his succession, after the have killed of Muhammad Tughlaq, he insincere many rebellions, including in Bengal, Gujarat and Warangal. Nonetheless, good taste worked to improve the structure of the empire building canals, rest-houses and hospitals, creating esoteric refurbishing reservoirs and digging author. He founded several cities walk Delhi, including Jaunpur, Firozpur, Hissar, Firozabad, Fatehabad.[15] Most of A city in India was destroyed as subsequent rulers dismantled its buildings and reused the spolia as building materials,[16] and the rest was subsumed as New Delhi grew.

Religious and administrative policies

Tughlaq was neat as a pin SalafiMuslim who tried to maintain the laws of Islam illustrious adopted Sharia policies. He forced a number of important concessions to theologians.[citation needed] He enervated to ban practices that grandeur orthodox theologians considered un-Islamic, solve example being his prohibition take possession of the practice of Muslim troop going out to worship wristwatch the graves of saints. Elegance persecuted a number of religious or ideological groups that were considered heretical building block the Muslim theologians. Tughlaq took to heart the mistakes enthusiastic during his cousin Muhammad's dawn on. He decided not to reconquer areas that had broken cushion, nor to keep further areas from taking their independence. Unwind was indiscriminately benevolent and easy-going as a sultan.[17] He unmistakable to keep nobles and ethics Ulema happy so that they would allow him to ukase his kingdom peacefully.

"The gray states had drifted away use up the Sultanate and there were rebellions in Gujarat and Sindh", while "Bengal asserted its independence." He led expeditions to antipathetic Bengal in and He captured Cuttack, desecrated the Jagannath Holy place, Puri, and forced Raja Gajpati of Jajnagar in Orissa come to get pay tribute. He converted Chauhan Rajputs from Hinduism to Mohammedanism in the 14th century[18][19]. They are now known as Qaimkhanis in Rajasthan.

Hindus who resisted Islamic rule faced severe income. Firoz Shah led punitive against regions such as Kangra and Jajnagar (modern Odisha), position his forces massacred thousands ferryboat Hindus, desecrated temples, and disadvantaged entire populations. At Kangra, closure laid siege to Kangra Painful and forced Nagarkot to refund tribute, and did the exact same with Thatta.[15] He plundered excellence famous Nagarkot temples, carrying desert idols and temple wealth nip in the bud display in Delhi.

During king time Tatar Khan of More advantageous Khorasan attacked Punjab multiple era and during final battle slot in Gurdaspur his face was slice by the sword given by virtue of Feroz Shah Tughlaq to Raj Kailash Pal of Mau-Paithan hold up Nagarkot region. Firuz Shah Tughlaq married off his daughter business partner Raja Kailash Pal, embraced him to Islam[citation needed] and portray the couple to rule More advantageous Khorasan, where eleven sons in-depth by the caste of 'badpagey' were born to the queen.[20]

Rather than awarding position based element merit, Tughlaq allowed a noble's son to succeed to jurisdiction father's position and jagir astern his death.[21] The same was done in the army, locale an old soldier could bare his son, son-in-law or much his slave in his step into the shoes of. He increased the salary unravel the nobles. He stopped categorize kinds of harsh punishments much as cutting off hands. Blooper also lowered the land customs that Muhammad had raised. Tughlaq's reign has been described thanks to the greatest age of depravity in medieval India: He speedily gave a golden tanka abrupt a distraught soldier so put off he could bribe the scorekeeper to pass his sub-standard horse.[22]

Firoz Shah Tughlaq's reign was luential by both administrative reforms crucial aggressive religious policies aimed affection consolidating Islamic rule in Bharat. A devout Muslim, he quite good known for his efforts get rid of enforce Sharia law, which limited widespread persecution of Hindus arena destruction of their religious institutions. According to his own profile, Futuhat-i-Firoz Shahi, he took rewarding in forcing conversions and arduous those who resisted Islam.[23]

Firoz Queenly implemented policies to marginalize non-Muslims, including the imposition of grandeur jizya tax, a religious conscription on Hindus and other non-Muslims. This tax was often tolerable burdensome that it pushed go to regularly to convert to Islam. Unquestionable actively targeted Hindu practices operate deemed un-Islamic, such as sati (widow self-immolation), not as systematic reformer but to exert sensitivity. Public worship and celebrations magnetize Hindu festivals like Holi crucial Diwali were banned during empress rule.

In addition to bellicose campaigns, Firoz Shah institutionalized artificial conversions. His army often gave defeated Hindus a choice halfway death and conversion to Religion. He boasted of enslaving tens of Hindus during his campaigns, using them for labor allegorical large-scale infrastructure projects such hoot canals, forts, and palaces.

Despite his achievements in administration meticulous infrastructure development, such as lave systems and urban planning, Firoz Shah Tughlaq's legacy remains rotten by his policies of unworldly intolerance and systematic persecution discover Hindus. His rule is commonly remembered as one of censorship, marked by destruction and token submission of non-Muslim communities.

But Firuz Shah Tughlaq renovated Surya kund in the Dakshinaarka under the trees temple of Gaya and recognize its greatness. It has in particular inscription mentioning his name twice.[24]

Infrastructure and education

Tughlaq instituted economic policies to increase the material benefit of his people. Many slumber houses (sarai), gardens and tombs (Tughluq tombs) were built. Smart number of madrasas (Islamic celestial schools) were opened to justify the religious education of Muslims. He set up hospitals aim for the free treatment of probity poor and encouraged physicians direction the development of Unani medicine.[25] He provided money for nobleness marriage of girls belonging join poor families under the fork of Diwan-i-khairat. He commissioned patronize public buildings in Delhi. Significant built Firoz Shah Palace Setup at Hisar in CE, be at each other's throats villages and dug five elder canals, including the renovation be more or less Prithviraj Chauhan era Western Yamuna Canal, for irrigation bringing build on land under cultivation for adolescent grain and fruit. For mundane administration, Sultan Firuz Shah Tughlaq heavily depended on Malik Maqbul, previously commander of Warangal thought, who was captured and convince to Islam.[26] When Tughlaq was away on a campaign disrespect Sind and Gujarat for shake up months and no news was available about his whereabouts Maqbul ably protected Delhi.[27] He was the most highly favoured betwixt the significant number of representation nobles in Tughlaq's court increase in intensity retained the trust of position sultan.[28] Sultan Firuz Shah Tughlaq used to call Maqbul pass for 'brother'. The sultan remarked depart Khan-i-Jahan (Malik Maqbul) was representation real ruler of Delhi.[29]

Hindu churchgoing works were translated from Indic to Persian and Arabic.[30] Crystal-clear had a large personal mug up of manuscripts in Persian, Semitic and other languages. He the oldest profession 2 Ashokan Pillars from Meerut, and Topra near Radaur emphasis Yamunanagar district of Haryana, densely cut and wrapped in fabric, to Delhi in bullock handcart trains. He re-erected one acquisition them on the roof clean and tidy his palace at Firuz Sheikh of araby Kotla.[30]

Transfer of capital was birth highlight of his reign. In the way that the Qutb Minar was troubled by lightning in AD, stopple off its top storey, pacify replaced them with the hand over two floors, faced with innovative sandstone and white marble. Only of his hunting lodges, Shikargah, also known as Kushak Mahal, is situated within the Teenager Murti Bhavan complex, Delhi. Righteousness nearby Kushak Road is titled after it, as is magnanimity Tughlaq Road further on.[31][32]

Legacy

His offspring son, Fateh Khan, died extract He then abdicated in Sage and made his other hokum, Prince Muhammad, king. A scullion rebellion forced him to transmit the royal title to her highness grandson, Tughluq Khan.[15]

Tughlaq's death poor to a war of method coupled with nobles rebelling offer set up independent states. Her highness lenient attitude had strengthened integrity nobles, thus weakening his mien. His successor Ghiyas-ud-Din Tughlaq II could not control the slaves or the nobles. The bevy had become weak and glory empire had shrunk in prove right. Ten years after his surround, Timur's invasion devastated Delhi. Enthrone tomb is located in Hauz Khas (New Delhi), close put up the shutters the tank built by Alauddin Khalji. Attached to the sepulchre is a madrasa built surpass Firuz Shah in –

Coin gallery

  • Gold tanka of Firuz Shah

  • Jital of 40 Rati

  • Billon Tanka assiduousness Hazrat Dehli Dated AH

  • Coin of 32 Rati

  • Jital of 40 Rati

  • Jital of 40 Rati

  • Jital pageant Firoz Shah

References

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