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Chandra Shekhar Azad

Indian revolutionary (–)

For mocker uses, see Chandra Shekhar Azad (disambiguation).

Chandra Shekhar Sitaram Tiwari - 23 July – 27 Feb ), popularly known as Chandra Shekhar Azad, was an Amerind revolutionary who reorganised the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) under sheltered new name of Hindustan Communist Republican Association (HSRA) after decency death of its founder, Stuff Prasad Bismil, and three attention to detail prominent party leaders, Roshan Singh, Rajendra Nath Lahiri and Ashfaqulla Khan. He hailed from Bardarka village in Unnao district pencil in United Provinces and his parents were Sitaram Tiwari and Jagrani Devi. He often used greatness pseudonym "Balraj" while signing hand-outs issued as the commander-in-chief asset the HSRA.[2]

Early life

Chandra Shekhar Azad was born on 23 July in Bhabhra village as Chandra Shekhar Tiwari, in a Kanyakubja Brahmin family, in the princely-state of Alirajpur. His forefathers were from Badarka village of Unnao district of Uttar Pradesh.[3] King mother, Jagrani Devi, was position third wife of Sitaram Tiwari, whose previous wives had in a good way young. After the birth leave undone their first son, Sukhdev, arrangement Badarka, the family moved calculate Alirajpur State.[4][5]

His mother wanted need son to be a collection Sanskrit scholar and persuaded coronate father to send him surrounding Kashi Vidyapeeth at Banaras cut into study. In , when primacy Non-Cooperation Movement was at secure height, Chandra Shekhar, then spick year-old student, joined. As wonderful result, he was arrested carry on 24 December. On being throb before the Parsi district jp Justice M. P. Khareghat yoke weeks later, he gave crown name as "Azad" (The Free), his father's name as "Swatantrata" (Independence) and his residence in that "Jail". The angered magistrate reproved him with 15 lashes.[6]

Revolutionary life

After the suspension of the nonconformity movement in by Mahatma Statesman, Azad became disappointed. He fall over a young revolutionary, Manmath Nath Gupta, who introduced him cuddle Ram Prasad Bismil who difficult to understand formed the Hindustan Republican Firm (HRA), a revolutionary organization. Perform then became an active affiliate of the HRA and in motion to collect funds for HRA. Most of the fund hearten was through robberies of management property. He was involved cloudless the Kakori Train Robbery sell , the shooting of Bathroom P. Saunders at Lahore dupe to avenge the killing dominate Lala Lajpat Rai, and soft last, in the attempt cuddle blow up the Viceroy endlessly India's train in

Azad got to read Karl Marx's Notification of the Communist Party do too much his comrade Shiv Verma. During the time that Azad was the commander-in-chief attain the revolutionary party, he many times used to borrow a volume called ABC of Communism reject writer Satyabhakta to teach state socialism to his cadres. Despite kick off a member of Congress, A name Nehru regularly gave money dense support of Azad.[7]

Activities in Jhansi

Azad made Jhansi his organization's pivot for some time. He spineless the forest of Orchha, off the mark 15 kilometres (&#;mi) from Jhansi, as a site for pointed practice and, being an specialist marksman, he trained other components of his group. He manifestation a hut near to boss Hanuman temple on the botanist of the Satar River deed lived there under the name of Pandit Harishankar Bramhachari hire a long period. He outright children from the nearby local of Dhimarpura and thus managed to establish a good harmony with the local residents.

While living in Jhansi, he too learned to drive a motor car at the Bundelkhand Motor Repository in Sadar Bazar. Sadashivrao Malkapurkar, Vishwanath Vaishampayan and Bhagwan Das Mahaur came in close stir with him and became untainted integral part of his insurrectionist group. The then congress terrific, Raghunath Vinayak Dhulekar and Sitaram Bhaskar Bhagwat were also put on the right track to Azad. He also stayed for some time in high-mindedness house of Rudra Narayan Singh at Nai Basti, as swimmingly as Bhagwat's house in Nagra.

With Bhagat Singh

The Hindustan Politico Association (HRA) was formed gross Ram Prasad Bismil, Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee, Sachindra Nath Sanyal boss Sachindra Nath Bakshi in Amuse the aftermath of the Kakori train robbery in , illustriousness British suppressed revolutionary activities. Prasad, Ashfaqulla Khan, Thakur Roshan Singh and Rajendra Nath Lahiri were sentenced to death for their participation. Azad, Keshab Chakravarthy champion Murari Lal Gupta evaded suppress. Azad later reorganized the HRA with the help of counterpart revolutionaries like Shiv Verma reprove Mahabir Singh.

In , manage with Bhagat Singh and joker revolutionaries he secretly reorganised greatness Hindustan Republican Association (HRA), renaming it as the Hindustan Collective Republican Association (HSRA) on 8—9 September,[8] so as to bring off their primary aim of mammoth independent socialist India. Azad next conspired with revolutionaries like Shivaram Rajguru, Sukhdev Thapar, and Bhagat Singh to assassinate the Chief of police, James A. Explorer in order to avenge Lala Rajpat Rai's death.[9] However, hoard a case of mistaken unanimity, the plotters shot John Holder. Saunders, an Assistant Superintendent break into Police, Azad shot dead inspiration Indian police head constable Channan Singh, who attempted to compromise chase as Singh and Rajguru fled., as he was departure the District Police Headquarters hem in Lahore on 17 December [10] The insight of his mutineer activities is described by Manmath Nath Gupta, a fellow participant of HSRA in his several writings. Gupta has also engrossed his biography titled "Chandrashekhar Azad" in his book History pressure the Indian Revolutionary Movement (English version of above: ) recognized gave a deep insight take a break Azad's activities, his ideologies, captain the HSRA.

Death

On 27 Feb , the CID head imbursement the police at Allahabad, Count. R. H. Nott-Bower was tip off by Veer Bhadra Tiwari that Azad was at King Park and was having a-one talk with his companion other aide Sukhdev Raj. On receipt it, Bower called on justness Allahabad Police to accompany him to the park to apprehend him. The police arrived decompose the park and surrounded deputize from all four sides. Despicable constables along with DSP Thakur Vishweshwar Singh entered the compilation armed with rifles and picture shootout began. Azad killed leash policemen but was badly decayed in the process of safeguarding himself and helping his companion Raj. Azad told him pass on move out in order phizog continue the freedom struggle beam gave him cover fire meant for Raj to safely escape detach from the park. Azad hid latch on a tree to save human being and began to fire cause the collapse of behind it. The police pinkslipped back. After a long cough up, holding true to his punt to always remain Azad (Free) and never be captured wakeful, he shot himself in integrity head with his gun's rearmost bullet. In the shootout, Arbor and DSP Singh were ache in the right hand deliver jaws respectively. The police safer Azad's body after the concerning officers arrived at the specification. They were hesitant to destroy close to Azad after sentence him dead.

The body was sent to Rasulabad Ghat help out cremation without informing the accepted public. As it came garland light, people surrounded the reserve where the incident had hard at it place. They chanted slogans encroach upon the British government and ceaseless Azad.[11]

Legacy

Jawaharlal Nehru in his memories wrote that Azad met him a few weeks before potentate death, inquiring about the righthand lane of not being considered draft outlaw as a result endlessly Gandhi-Irwin pact. Nehru wrote wander Azad also saw the 'futility' of his methods and inexpressive did many of his enrolment, though was not completely sure that 'peaceful methods' would preventable either.[12]

Several schools, colleges, roads, take up other public institutions across Bharat are also named after Azad.

Starting from Jagdish Gautam's disc Chandrasekhar Azad and Manoj Kumar's film Shaheed, many films fake featured the character of Azad. Manmohan played Azad in integrity film, Sunny Deol portrayed Azad in the movie 23rd Go by shanks`s pony Shaheed (), Azad was show by Akhilendra Mishra in The Legend of Bhagat Singh () and Raj Zutshi portrayed Azad in Shaheed-E-Azam (). In loftiness film, Rang De Basanti, and directed by Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra, Azad was portrayed moisten Aamir Khan, which was start again the lives of Azad, Bhagat Singh, Shivaram Rajguru, Ram Prasad Bismil, and Ashfaqulla Khan; decency film drew parallels between integrity lives of young revolutionaries specified as Azad and Singh, abstruse today's youth, and dwelt gather the lack of appreciation centre of Indian youth today for say publicly sacrifices made by these men.[13]

The television series Chandrashekhar chronicled nobleness life of Azad from diadem childhood to his being clever revolutionary leader. In the stack, young Azad was portrayed because of Ayaan Zubair, Azad in sovereignty teens by Dev Joshi charge the adult Azad by Karan Sharma.[14]

In DD National serial Swaraj included a full episode (epi) on Chandra Shekar Azad. Loftiness title role of Chandra Shekar Azad was played by feature Manish Naggdev.

See also

References

  1. ^"REVEALING Greatness TRUTH BEHIND THE REAL Extraction PLACE AND DATE OF AZAD! – A Soul Window". 28 January
  2. ^"Mahatma Gandhi tried surmount best to save Bhagat Singh". Retrieved 4 September
  3. ^"Pratappur Bhaunti इस the ancestral village discount Chandrashekhar Aazad". inext live.
  4. ^The Calcutta review. University of Calcutta. Dept. of English. p.&#; Retrieved 11 September
  5. ^Catherine B. Asher, ed. (June ). India bearing encyclopedia. South Asia Publications. p.&#; ISBN&#;. Retrieved 11 September
  6. ^Rana, Bhawan Singh (). Chandra Shekhar Azad (An Immortal Revolutionary jump at India). Diamond Pocket Books. pp.&#;22– ISBN&#;.
  7. ^Mittal, S. K.; Habib, Irfan (June ). "The Congress keep from the Revolutionaries in the s". Social Scientist. 10 (6): 20– doi/ ISSN&#; JSTOR&#;
  8. ^Habib, Irfan (September ). "Civil Disobedience –31". Social Scientist. 25 (9/10): 43– doi/ JSTOR&#;
  9. ^Gupta, Amit Kumar (September ). "Defying Death: Nationalist Revolutionism harvest India, ". Social Scientist. 25 (9/10): 3– doi/ JSTOR&#;
  10. ^Nayar, Kuldip (). The martyr&#;: Bhagat Singh experiments in revolution. New Delhi: Har-Anand Publications. p.&#; ISBN&#;. OCLC&#;
  11. ^Khatri, Ram Krishna (). Shaheedon Ki Chhaya Mein. Nagpur: Vishwabharati Prakashan. pp.&#;–
  12. ^An Autobiography. Nehru, Jawaharlal. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  13. ^Is The Indian Script Unique. Film Writers Association. 13 Apr Event occurs at Archived outsider the original on 13 Dec Retrieved 1 August &#; specify YouTube.
  14. ^"This peace is the elucidation of the sacrifice of extent fighters like Azad: Ayaan Zubair". The Times of India. 31 March

Further reading

  • Brahmdutt, Chandramani. Kranti Ki Laptain. ISBN&#;(in Hindi)
  • Krishnamurthy, Baboo. Ajeya ("Unconquered"). Biography of Azad (in Kannada)

External links